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Headlamp (outdoor)
A headlamp is a light source worn affixed to the head for outdoor activities at night or in dark conditions such as caving, orienteering, hiking, backpacking, camping, or mountain biking. Headlamps may also be used in adventure races, if racing is done during dark periods.

Description

Headlamps are usually powered by three or four AA or AAA batteries. Systems with heavy batteries (4xAA or more) are usually designed so that the light emitter is positioned near the front of the head, and the battery compartment to be at the rear of the head. It is sometimes possible to completely disconnect a headlamp's battery pack, for storage on a belt or in a pocket.

Lighter headlamp systems are strapped to the user's head by a single band; heavier ones utilize an additional band over the top of the user's head. Headlamps that used an incandescent bulb were very common before LEDs became common. Incandescent bulbs have the advantage of allowing more tightly focused beams and allowing the use of more power than LEDs but have the disadvantages of high power consumption, fragility, poor beam pattern and inability to operate at lower power levels. Incandescent headlamps also have rapidly declining light output once the batteries start to lose voltage.

Once 5mm LEDs were made available to general consumer markets, they were quickly adopted for use in headlamps due to their smaller size, lower power consumption and less fragility compared to incandescent bulbs.

Later, when 1 watt, and 3 watt LEDs were introduced, they were adopted for use in headlamps. By that time, most incandescent headlamps were no longer available for sale. However, due to the high energy consumption of these LEDs, they produce much heat. To avoid damage to electronic parts, a heatsink is usually required for headlamps that use LEDs that consume more than 1W.

Due to high power consumption, DC-DC converters are often used in 1W+ lights, sometimes controlled by microprocessors. That allows the LED(s) to provide brightness that is not affected by a drop in battery voltage.